“Everything is afraid of time, and only time is afraid of the pyramids”

With this introductory story I begin a series of articles about the 7 wonders of the world. I think there is no person who does not know what it is Egyptian pyramids and what was their role in the ancient culture of mankind. You can find hundreds of versions about the origin of the pyramids, ranging from the slave labor of the ancient Egyptians to extraterrestrial, alien technologies.

I don’t think we will know the truth, and now we will not be talking about assumptions, but about a fact-finding tour. So, Egyptian pyramids from satellite can be seen at this link.

It’s impossible to show all the pyramids of Egypt on the map, so I chose the Pyramid of Cheops (Giza) as an example – that’s what you can see here. If you play with the map, you will find that the construction of the pyramids was mainly carried out along the Nile (the place is better known as the Valley of the Kings). The ancient Egyptians considered this river to be the bearer of life; the god of the Nile was Hapi, and at the same time he was also the patron of the harvest. The thing is that the river is rich in fruitful silt, and after it overflowed its banks, the silt fell into the ground and had a beneficial effect on the harvest.

Secrets of the Egyptian pyramids and their buildings began to excite contemporaries since the 19th century. The first pyramid was built during the reign of Pharaoh Djoser (third dynasty), and is a structure of six steps. It was called the “step pyramid”. It was believed that the pyramid represents the ladder along which the king would ascend to heaven after his death. However, the worldly views of the Egyptians were changed with the arrival of Snefru (the first pharaoh of the fourth dynasty). The cult of the sun became paramount, and the evenness of the edges of the pyramid began to symbolize the rays of the sun. Thus, the idea of ​​​​the “ladder” was replaced, but the essence did not change - after death, the pharaoh rose to heaven and God.

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The first attempt to build an even pyramid was the so-called Bent Pyramid at Dashkhur. At a height of just over 45 meters, its edges change their inclination by 10 degrees. And the first successful pyramid is considered to be the Pink Pyramid (Northern Pyramid), also built in Dashkhur. Its name is associated with the effect of stone blocks - when the sun sets, they turn pink. However the mystery of the pyramids of Egypt, their origin, as I said above, has not been fully studied and most likely will never be studied. There is a version that the ancient Egyptians only used the pyramids for their own selfish purposes, and hundreds of destroyed pyramids are an unsuccessful copying experience. In addition, there is a certain algorithm for ancient structures on the planet - I will also write a post about this.

Pyramids of Giza

Exactly pyramids of giza and are those objects that are included in the list of 7 wonders of the world called the Egyptian pyramids. They are located a few hundred meters from the outskirts of Cairo on a limestone plateau. The city of Giza was founded by the Egyptians in the 7th century, after which the name “Pyramid of Giza” stuck and is currently a center of pilgrimage for millions of tourists

The largest pyramids and tombs of famous pharaohs such as Cheops, Khafre, Mikerin are located in Giza. In addition, the famous Egyptian Sphinx is also located here - a statue embodying the power of god, man and lion. Photos of the Egyptian pyramids (Giza)

Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)

The largest Egyptian pyramid in existence is the Pyramid of Cheops, sometimes also called the Great Pyramid. The height of the Pyramid of Cheops (Pyramid of Khufu) initially reached 146 meters, today the height is 138.7 meters, this tallest building ancient world. The size of the base is 230 meters. In ancient times, the pyramid was called “Khufu Belongs to Heaven.” The capabilities of the builders are amazing - pay attention to the evenness of the ribs, the ideal proportions, in addition, the accuracy in the cardinal directions is amazing! Could the ancients have built this? Question.

Interior of the Cheops Pyramid:

And finally, a video about the Egyptian pyramids

“Everything in the world is afraid of time, and time is afraid of the pyramids.”

Arabic proverb

The greatest architectural monuments

The most famous architectural wonder of the world is the Giza pyramid complex in Egypt. The largest pyramids of this complex are the Great Pyramid of Cheops, the pyramids of Khafre and Mikerin. They were erected in the period from 2540 BC. e. to 2450 BC e. on the left western bank of the Nile in the city of El Giza. To this day, these pyramids amaze with their magnificence, power, and are a reflection of human strength and courage.

The first pyramid builder

The pyramids were built as tombs for Egyptian pharaohs. They were supposed to testify to the power and greatness of the country and the ruler. The rulers doomed the people of Egypt to grueling construction, which entailed many casualties and claimed thousands of lives. Around 2600 BC. e. The architect Imhotep designed a step pyramid for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser, founder of the Third Dynasty. This pyramid is considered the oldest. Initially, Imhotep planned to build an ordinary mastaba, but during the construction process it turned into a six-step pyramid.

El Giza is located 8 km from Cairo on the west bank of the Nile. On the outskirts of El Giza, large and small pyramids rise out of the desert.
The Sphinx is located there.

The solar boat was built from cedar without a single nail.

This pyramid also differed from previous tombs in its construction material - stone was used for the first time. After his death, Pharaoh Djoser was placed in a tomb built for him, but his mummy was later stolen.

Solar boat

In 1954, archaeologist Kamal al-Malakh found a wooden Solar Boat on the southern side of the Great Pyramid of Cheops. Why it was created is unknown. Judging by the traces of silt found on it, shortly before the death of the pharaoh, it floated along the Nile. According to Egyptian beliefs, on such a boat, after death, the pharaoh could travel across the sky together with the sun god Ra, which is why the boat is called “solar”.

Sacred Pyramid

The supreme deity of the ancient Egyptians was the sun god Ra, he was revered as the king and father of the gods. The pharaohs who worshiped him built pyramids so that after death they could ascend to heaven and gain eternal life. They believed that their souls would rush to the top of the pyramid, where the god Ra would be waiting for them on his solar ship.

Tutankhamun's funeral mask is made of pure gold, decorated with lapis lazuli and colored faience.
The vulture and cobra crowning the headdress are considered symbols of Upper and Lower Egypt.

The pyramid of Mikerin, the grandson of Cheops, is 66 m high. Three small pyramids next to it were erected for three women - members of the pharaoh's family.

Pyramid of Khafre, son of Cheops. The pyramid is several meters lower than the Cheops pyramid, but due to its location it seems higher.

The Great Pyramid of Cheops is one of the oldest architectural treasures and is one of the seven wonders of the world.

Research by scientists

Based on research by astronomers, the location of the pyramids corresponds to the position of the stars in the sky. Some scientists note the similarity of their location with the constellation Orion. The four corners of the Great Pyramid of Cheops are called the four cardinal directions. The entrance to it, in accordance with religious regulations, is located on the north side.

Great Pyramid of Cheops

The Great Pyramid of Cheops is an almost monolithic structure, with the exception of the burial chambers, corridors and narrow ventilation shafts leading to them, as well as unloading chambers above the so-called “king's chamber”. Its length is 10.5 m, width - 5.3 m and height - 5.8 m. It is laid out of granite and has no decorations. This chamber houses a huge empty granite sarcophagus without a lid. The other burial chamber, located below, is traditionally called the "queen's chamber".

1. Pyramidon
2. Air duct
3. Unloading chambers
4. "The King's Chamber"
5. "Queen's Chamber"
6. Large gallery
7. Entrance to the pyramid
8. Granite blocks
9. Road made of beams
10. Block cladding

Moving stones

During the construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops, granite monoliths and limestone blocks were used. Most of the stone was mined in quarries near Cairo and floated on barges during the flood period, when the water extended to the edge of the desert. Heavy stones unloaded onto the pier were placed on wooden sleds, which were pulled by numerous workers using ropes to the construction site. To move one medium-sized block (weighing up to 2.5 tons) in this way required about 50 people. The main construction device was the ramp, an inclined plane that lined up on different sides of the pyramids. With the help of such ramps the blocks were lifted.

Masonry

Stonemasons made blocks from hard rocks using bronze or copper saws, heavy hammers and dolerite balls. Using quartz sand, the sides of the blocks were polished. The stone blocks were adjusted so that even a knife blade could not pass between them. Initially, the pyramid was lined with white limestone, which was harder than the main blocks. The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone - a pyramidon. In the 12th century, Cairo was sacked; city residents removed the cladding from the pyramid in order to build new houses for themselves.

Temple of the Lost

The Temple of the Dead was located east of the main pyramid.
It consisted of two parts: an outer one (with an entrance gate and a courtyard surrounded by columns) and an inner one (with niches for statues of the pharaoh).
From the temple of the dead, a long road led to the Nile.
Here on the river bank there was a temple with a pier for ships, where the deceased was embalmed.
The ruins of the Temple of the Dead were discovered in 1939.

Life after death

The Egyptians believed that the soul, after the death of the body, continues to live as long as it is in its “home” - in the body. Therefore, they attached great importance to the preservation of the body after death - mummification. After death, the ruler’s body was carefully embalmed, preparing him for life in the afterlife; his entrails and brain were removed and wrapped in linen bandages.

The entrails of the deceased were placed in tightly sealed vessels (canopic jars).

SARCOPHAGUS

This is a coffin-shaped stone box in which the mummy was placed. The covering of the sarcophagus, made of plaster, repeated the figure of the deceased.

Who are the pharaohs?

Pharaoh in earthly existence personified the god Horus. It was believed that after ruling on earth he would return to the gods. Power belonged entirely to the pharaoh. He conducted state affairs, resolved military issues, managed the state treasury, was the chief priest, the Supreme Judge. The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was responsible even for the fertility of the land, so the pharaoh was always sent to collect the first harvest. The Egyptian pharaoh was crowned with a crown, which symbolized the strength and power of the ruler.

Who built the pyramids?

The pyramids were built by Egyptian peasants who were free from agricultural work during the annual floods of the Nile. They worked in quarries and took part in moving stones. For their labor, the peasants received housing, clothing, food and a modest salary. Qualified craftsmen (architects, masons) worked on the construction site throughout the year. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus claimed that the construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops lasted 20 years, however, according to modern scientists, less than 10 years was enough to build the pyramid.

The Sphinx was built by Pharaoh Khafre. This monumental sculpture represents a lion with a human head lying on the sand. The Sphinx's task is to guard the burial place of the pharaoh. The headdress of the Sphinx is similar to the headdress of the pharaohs. Once upon a time, the Sphinx even wore a regal pharaonic beard.

FACTS and VOCABULARY

The rulers of Ancient Egypt built about 60 pyramids. The most famous of them are the pyramids of Giza: the Great Pyramid of Cheops, the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Mikerin.

The largest of them is the Great Pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops.

Its height: 137 m (originally 146 m).

Side edge length: 230.4 m.

Volume of stone mass: 2.5 million m³.

Weight: approx. 7 million tons

Number of stone blocks: 2.3 million.

Average weight of a stone block: 2.5 tons (there are blocks weighing 15 tons).

The exits from the shafts of the Great Pyramid of Cheops are oriented towards the constellations Orion, Sirius, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, which undoubtedly has a secret meaning.

The Great Pyramid of Cheops has a large base area, which could easily accommodate five of the largest cathedrals in the world at the same time: St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey in London, as well as Florence and Milan Cathedrals.

Mastaba- a rectangular burial building with sloping walls and a flat top with an underground burial chamber. Mastabas appeared during the first dynasties as special “houses after life.”

Dolerite- volcanic rock.

Pharaoh's crown. After the unification, Egypt was considered a dual kingdom; it had two crowns: White - a symbol of power over Upper Egypt, Red - a symbol of power over Lower Egypt. As rulers of “both countries,” the pharaohs wore a double crown on special occasions.

On the inner walls of the pyramid you can see images of gods and Egyptian hieroglyphs.
In addition, the tomb contained a collection of religious texts, “The Book of the Dead.”

The mystery of the pyramid

For more than 3,500 years, no one penetrated the Great Pyramid of Cheops: all entrances to it were carefully walled up. The first to enter the pyramid in 831 was the Baghdad caliph al-Mamun. He decided to look for treasure in this pyramid. However, he did not take into account the warnings of local residents, who claimed that “the pyramid is guarded by spirits” who kill the robbers. However, the caliph never found any treasures in the Great Pyramid of Cheops, perhaps because the tomb of Cheops was plundered even before him by the ancient Egyptians.

“Herodotus called “the first wonder of the world”, they still excite our imagination, although it would seem that today it is difficult to surprise us even with the most modern achievements of science and technology. However, the pyramids have kept their secrets for more than one thousand years.

The first pyramid in Ancient Egypt was built around 2700 BC. e. It was built by order of the founder of the III dynasty of the rulers of Egypt, Pharaoh Djoser. Since then, many pyramids and other large stone structures have been built.

The most famous pyramids

Most of all, people's attention is attracted to the pyramids of two pharaohs of the IV dynasty - Cheops and his son Khafre. The Pyramid of Cheops has a square base of 232.4 x 232.4 meters and a height of 146.7 meters. The Pyramid of Khafre is, respectively, 215.3 x 215.3 meters and 143.7 meters. To this day they remain the largest structures ever created by man.

It is not surprising that during their almost 5000-year existence, many myths, legends and hypotheses have arisen related to their occurrence. The first information about the construction of these pyramids came to us from Herodotus.

In the 5th century BC. e. he visited Egypt, visited the pyramids, and described the technology of their construction from the words of Egyptian priests. He reported that the pyramids were built by 100,000 people over a period of 20 years. In 1883, the English Egyptologist Petrie confirmed with his calculations the veracity of Herodotus' information.

Astronomical mystery of the pyramids

And one more of the still inexplicable mysteries is the high knowledge of the Egyptians in the field of astronomy. The Cheops Pyramid, for example, points almost unmistakably to true north. As a result of precise measurements made in 1925, the following incredible fact was established: the error in the position of the pyramid is only 3 minutes 6 seconds.

For comparison: in 1577, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, through long and careful calculations, oriented the Oranienburg Observatory so that it looked north. In the end, he was still off by 18 minutes.

In addition, the error of the Egyptians is explained by a slight shift in the north itself over the past millennia. The desire for accuracy is a sign of a highly developed civilization. Similar amazing accuracy is everywhere, including in the dimensions of the base of the pyramids.

With an average side size of about 230 meters, the difference between the largest and smallest sides does not exceed 20 cm, that is, about 0.1%. In addition, the ancient builders erected the Cheops pyramid with almost ideal right angles. It is also amazing that it was not built on a flat area, but on a natural hill 9 meters high, which turned out to be in the very middle of the base of the pyramid.

British physicist K. Mendelson poses the question: how, without modern scientific instruments, could the ancient Egyptians determine the direction to the desired point in the air and build directly towards it? An error of even two degrees could ultimately lead to disastrous results. He proves that a central core could have been used in the first stage of construction. This way a marker from the top helped to line up the edges.

However, the mysteries of the external characteristics of the pyramids are still just flowers. What is also amazing is what happens inside. It is still not known exactly why inside the pyramid, oriented to the cardinal points, the effect of mummification of any organic matter appears. The bodies of small animals that died in the pyramid, even without embalming, are mummified and preserved for a very long time.

Amazing properties of pyramids

In addition, in the pyramid, dull razor blades, placed while maintaining orientation to the cardinal points, are sharpened in a short time. It is important to note that the effect of mummification is most strongly observed in the center of the pyramid, at approximately 1/3 of its height. The burials of the pharaohs were located at approximately this height.

There were also several rooms in which the pharaoh's mummy was located, various religious objects, sacred manuscripts, and very often there was a spare sarcophagus next to the sarcophagus with the pharaoh's mummy. In literature you can often find references to the “curse of the pharaoh.” A person who enters the Pharaoh's tomb is subject to the Pharaoh's curse and soon dies.

Most likely, before closing the tomb, the Egyptian priests left some substances that contained pathogenic lung bacteria. In the pyramid, under the influence of the mummification effect, they seemed to fall asleep, but did not die.

However, when a person entered the pyramid, most often for the purpose of robbery, he carried these bacteria outside, where they woke up and infected the robber with an incurable disease. It was noticed that most of the so-called “damned” died from diseases associated with the respiratory system. True, this version has not yet been proven.

All these secrets associated with the first wonder of the world gave rise to mystical and fantastic hypotheses. So some researchers even question the human copyright of these colossal buildings. Last century, for example, London bookseller John Taylor argued that the level of mathematical, astronomical and technological knowledge in ancient Egypt was low.

Who helped the Egyptians build the pyramids?

Therefore, Taylor concluded, people could not build the pyramid themselves; “they had to be helped by God.” In our time, the author of the famous book “Remembrance of the Future,” Erich von Däniken, believed that the Cheops pyramid testifies to the existence of “unsolved technology” that was used by space aliens.

By the way, not so long ago similar hypotheses of S. Proskuryakov and V. Romanov were published in newspapers. And an article in one of the Moscow newspapers said: “As is known, during the first space launch of an American spacecraft towards Mars, cameras recorded traces of an ancient civilization on the surface of the planet.

Scientist Richard Hoagland, together with a group of young talented mathematicians and physicists working in the field of astrophysics, as well as Pentagon cartographers, came to an incredible conclusion: the giant pyramids and images of human faces photographed on Mars have the same origin as the Egyptian pyramids and the Sphinx."

In fact, theories of the alien origin of the Egyptian pyramids arise because it is difficult for us to come to terms with the idea that ancient engineers and builders were often superior to us in ingenuity and ingenuity.

Pyramids, like other megaliths (dolmens, cromlechs, etc.), are actually ancient defensive structures.
http://forum.ozersk.ru/topic/32337-raskritie-tain-drevnosti
06.09.15 Rinat

Everything that is written is good, but how and who can explain the origin of a perfectly flat surface on basalt or granite - one of the hardest types of stone? I’m not even talking about how blocks weighing 50 tons were lifted. And the cuts in these same blocks with a diameter of half a centimeter, provided that modern technology is capable of making the same cut, but with a diameter of three millimeters? These questions will answer themselves for you - the technology used for processing these land rocks was much higher than the technogenic level than ours, which confirms the origin of the cylindrical holes in fragments of one of the buildings, and this same fact contradicts the theory that the ancient Egyptians were able to build it all with their own hands. There is no doubt they did, but if you compare, it is clear that the latter did not have any technological progress at all, but are only a pitiful resemblance those giants about whom there are pros and cons. In addition to everything, an interesting thing can be said is that neither during the Greco-Roman events, nor in our time, not a single manuscript from the era of the reign of the pharaohs was found that would talk about construction these great pyramids. so someone flew in, created a wonder of the world and left without leaving even a little answer to today's questions.....
26.08.08 Novel

I personally assembled and tested a cardboard pyramid at home. All of the above is indeed true. It also revealed a weight loss effect. A person loses 10 kg per week in his sleep without doing anything. I tested it on myself, my wife and my neighbor. I lost weight from 75 kg to 60 and now I can’t gain weight no matter what I eat. My wife (without her knowledge) lost weight from 60 to 50 in a week and thought she was sick. Then I secretly placed a pyramid on my very well-fed neighbor; she weighed at least 100 by eye; she had been buying new things and altering old ones for a month. It probably weighs no more than 70. I'm afraid it will become a mummy. We need to secretly remove the pyramid. I don’t claim a patent, but it seems to me that women can be saved from the scam and “lose weight” for free, and the result is obvious (checked by scales), and not mythical. At the same time, eat what you want and live as you know. Please don’t consider me crazy, I’m ready to answer for all my words with action. Consider this excursion as a free and real way to lose weight. The main thing is to maintain dimensional accuracy when making pyramids.
18.06.05 , [email protected], Sonar

Everything is great. I learned a lot. Thank you, the material helped for the lesson and I myself am interested in Egypt as a whole and in parts.
03.05.05 , [email protected], Zhenya

But really, why are the Egyptian pyramids considered the first of the 7 wonders of the world? To begin with, it is important to clarify that the list of 7 wonders of the world does not include all pyramids, but only one, the most majestic Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu). Researchers still cannot fully understand how people could build it in such an ancient time. Even now there is an opinion that it was not built by human hands at all, but by some incomprehensible external force. But since these are just guesses, there is no point in writing much about it.

Why is the Cheops pyramid called a miracle?

There is no exact definition here, but there are many facts that force us to agree that it is simply impossible not to call this structure a miracle.

• The first is the size of the pyramid. For more than three thousand years in a row, the structure was the tallest on Earth. The size of the base was originally 227.5, height - 146 meters. Over time, the structure collapsed slightly, as a result of which the pyramid is now 9 meters lower.
• The second is the materials that were used for construction. In total, the pyramid took 2.3 million stone blocks. The weight of one such block is no less than two and a half tons. In addition, it is important to pay attention to the density of the pyramid. The stones fit together so well that even the thinnest blade cannot fit between them.
• Third - appearance. Initially, the pyramid was covered with a facing material such as white limestone. During the day, when the sun illuminated the pyramid, it shone with a bright peach color, which made it look like a real miracle, “to which, it seemed, the Sun God Ra himself gave his rays.” Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to see this beauty, since after the Arab attack in 1168, local residents used the cladding to restore their houses.

In the suburbs of Cairo, where the Nile Valley smoothly turns into the Libyan Desert, the Great Pyramids of Egypt stand on the Giza Plateau. They are like a mirage, they appear from the hot sands of the desert. In ancient times, these amazing structures were. Centuries have passed, but they are impressive in their size, and their secrets still excite the minds of scientists and researchers.

Pyramids of Giza in Egypt

The Egyptian pyramids are the most famous and tallest in the world. This is the only surviving ancient wonder of the world. They aroused the admiration of great men and mere mortals. The pyramid complex at Giza, guarded by the Great Sphinx, is part of the huge necropolis of this city.

They were built during the time of the Egyptian pharaohs of the IV dynasty, which ruled the ancient state in 2639-2506 BC. Next to the huge structures there are small temples and pyramids in which the wives of the pharaohs, their officials and priests are buried. Scientists are still studying these burials.

Until now, researchers continue to argue about the purpose of these structures. There is a traditional version that says that the huge mounds that rise above the mortal world are the tombs of the pharaohs. Their ashes in such burials were closer to the sky and the sun. Some scientists believe that the Egyptian pyramids are temples where ministers of the cult of the Sun performed religious ceremonies. Other researchers suggest that these were scientific laboratories created for astronomical observations. German archaeologists have put forward another interesting hypothesis. They believe that the pyramids are natural generators of earth energy. Thanks to her, the pharaohs were “charged” and rejuvenated. Pharaohs visited the pyramids as regularly as a modern person goes to a psychologist or massage therapist. Most scientists believe that they were on Earth before the biblical flood. Therefore, all their secrets will have to be unraveled for more than one generation.

Egyptian pyramids: interesting facts

The great ones were erected at different times under several pharaohs, who created tombs and monuments for themselves for centuries. The oldest of them is the Pyramid of Djoser. Its construction dates back to 2670. It is located in the city of Saqqara. Its height is 62 meters. The name of the author of this pyramid is known - he was the ancient Egyptian architect Imhotep. He was highly revered in Ancient Egypt, and later, even in myths, he became the main patron of crafts and arts - the son of the god Ptah.

The second largest ancient Egyptian pyramid was built by the son of Cheops, Pharaoh Khafre. It is lower than the nearby tomb of Cheops, its height is 136.4 meters, but since it is located on a higher point of the plateau, it competes with the Great Pyramid. At its top, a white basalt lining still remains, which is very reminiscent of a glacier. The internal structure of the pyramid is quite simple - two chambers, two entrances, located on the north side. One of them is located at a height of fifteen meters, and the second is directly below it, at the base of the building.

The Pyramid of Mikerin was built in 2504 BC. It is much smaller than the two great pyramids. Height - 66 meters. Scientists believe that the small size is due to the fact that Mikerin was not the legal heir to the throne. However, when he finally gained power, the structure began to have a more monumental appearance. Unlike the pyramids of Cheops and Khafre, its cladding was made of huge blocks of pink granite, which were brought to Giza from Aswan along the Nile. And downstream it was built. According to the surviving records of contemporaries, despite its more modest size, this structure was considered the most beautiful in Egypt.

Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt

Much later, similar structures were built in other areas of the country, which Egypt is proud of today. Giza, whose pyramids are known all over the world, gained great fame thanks to one of them - Cheops. It has become a real wonder of the world, which can still be seen in our time. The three tallest structures are rightfully considered the great Egyptian pyramids - the pyramids of Cheops, Mikerin and Khafre. But do not forget that in this ancient city there are many small buildings that keep no less secrets than the more monumental ones.

The Pyramid of Cheops in Giza was built a long time ago. It is still unknown exactly how long it took to build it. This great pyramid of Giza is believed to have stood since the time when the country was ruled by Cheops, the pharaoh of the 4th dynasty. The enormous interest in the history of its construction continues today. Myths about the pyramid There are many theories about the origin of this grandiose structure. Some of them are based on information received from Egyptologists, others have a somewhat exotic, fairy-tale touch. There is even a version that this structure was erected by aliens or some vanished civilization that lived in these places even before the appearance of the pharaohs. And they built it using unknown technical capabilities. According to such theories, the age of this pyramid at Giza is significantly higher than that indicated by modern scientists.

It is quite difficult to accurately measure the parameters of the Cheops pyramid in our time, since it has suffered greatly over its long history. Today, for example, the stone that crowned the structure is no longer there; the facing slabs have been destroyed. According to data obtained using modern measuring instruments, initially great pyramid of giza had a height of 146.5 meters. The length of one side is 232.5 meters. The sides have a slope of 51 degrees 50 minutes. Weight - 6,400,000 tons. The internal structure of the famous one is quite interesting.

Anyone who enters this majestic structure can visit four spacious rooms. These are the chambers of the king and queen, a large gallery and an underground chamber. Researchers discovered four shafts inside the pyramid. At first there was an assumption that they were necessary for ventilation of rooms, but later a bolder version arose, according to which the mines are channels to the stars.

Two of them are aimed at the North Star, the third - at the star Sirius, the fourth - at Orion. Since ancient times, people have sought to climb to the top of the Cheops pyramid, where there is a small area measuring ten square meters. There was a belief that there you could come into contact with eternity. Many famous Russians have visited this mysterious place. Among them is Emperor Nicholas II. And today many tourists come to Giza who want to see this miracle with their own eyes. Those who are interested in the history of Egypt can read about.

Sphinx - guardian of the pyramids of Giza

The Pyramids of Giza are guarded by the Great Sphinx, the oldest sculpture that has survived to this day. This is a lion with the head of a man. The history of the creation of this figure is no less mysterious than the history of the pyramids. There are many versions of the appearance of the Sphinx, but the most common of them says that the sculpture was built by Khafre in memory of his father, Pharaoh Cheops.

It is believed that the Sphinx was created much earlier, and under the pharaoh it was dug out of the sand during the construction of the great pyramid. Some inconsistency with the first version is that the face of the Sphinx has Negroid features, while all images of Cheops that have survived to this day do not have such features.

Many legends are associated with the Sphinx's lack of a nose. The most common theory is that this mythical animal lost its nose to Napoleon's cannons during the battle between the Turks and the French in 1798. But this is fiction, because there are images from 1737 in which the Sphinx no longer had a nose. Therefore, this sculpture is a big mystery for scientists around the world who study the civilization of Ancient Egypt. Many of the finds are stored in.
Nowadays, the pyramids in Giza are one of the world's main attractions, which are fraught with a great many secrets and mysteries. It is not at all surprising that the Egyptian pyramids are under the protection of UNESCO. Every year millions of tourists come to Egypt to see them and feel the extraordinary spirit of ancient times.