Description of Mari Chodra. Welcome to Mari Chodra National Park! Animals of the national park "Mariy Chodra"
The National Park "Mari Chodra" was organized on September 13, 1985 by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On the establishment of the State Natural National Park "Mari Chodra" in the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic." The history of Mariy Chodra is not limited to 1985.
At the end of the 19th century, in the Kazan province, which included the Mari Territory, the Lushmar forestry was formed.
On October 1, 1927, the Lushmarskoe forestry became known as the Mushmari forestry enterprise, and since 1929 the forestry enterprise has become a timber industry enterprise.
Since 1963, the Mushmarinsky forestry enterprise has become a mechanized forestry enterprise, the material and technical base is expanding, its staff is increasing, thinning has been carried out mechanized, and reforestation is mainly artificial, but, as before, the main factor of production was man.
1966 was the year the permanent tree nursery was founded. With modern technology and advanced work organization, the nursery was one of the best in Russia and was repeatedly awarded the title of "Nursery of High Culture".
A significant contribution to the development of the Mushmarinsky mekhleskhoz was made by its director Nemtsev A.N. Having justified the organization of a permanent forest nursery, he laid the foundation for the concept of the future national park "Mariy Chodra". “Do not cut down the forest, but take care of it, restore and use it for recreational purposes,” this principle was discussed back in the mid-60s and 70s, but was legally enshrined only in 1985.
The National Park "Mariy Chodra" today is 36.8 thousand hectares of forest, 4 forest areas: Lushmarskoye, Klenogorskoye, Yalchinskoye, Kerebelyakskoye, and since 2000 also the Mushmarinsky forest nursery (now the nursery of NP "Mariy Chodra").
Creation goals:
Preservation of natural complexes, unique and reference natural sites and objects, preservation of historical, cultural and other cultural heritage sites, environmental education of the population, creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreation of the population, familiarization with nature, cultural and historical sights, development and implementation of scientific methods environmental protection, educational activities, implementation of measures for the protection and reproduction of flora and fauna. The regime of the national park allows you to preserve natural complexes and objects of flora and fauna, cultural and historical objects.
Particularly valuable natural objects
There are more than 30 monuments of archeology and history in the park, which date back to the Neolithic era: settlements, places of worship (burial grounds, prayer places, altars).
Archaeological sites:
Name | a brief description of |
1. Oshutyalskoe VIII settlement | It was discovered in 1995. There are 6 deep depressions. Presumably belong to the remains of ancient dwellings-semi-dugouts. |
2. Oshutyalskaya IV site | It was discovered in 1994. No material remains have been found, cultural affiliation has not been determined. |
3. Oshutyalskaya I site | It was discovered in 1975. The width of the site is 7–9 m. The surface is turfed, overgrown with mixed forest. Approximate area 200 m 2. On examination, he will find a subrhombic arrowhead. |
4. Oshutyalskoe III settlement | Discovered in 1991. The surface of the monument is well-turfed and covered with mixed forest. A total of 14 depressions were identified. The excavation collection includes 3320 items. The monument is attributed to the Late Bronze Age of the Zamischensky and Atabayevsky stages of the Order culture (the last quarter of the 2nd millennium BC). The monument is of interest for the study of the Late Bronze Age in the basin of the river. Volga. |
5. Settlement Ozerki III | Opened in 2002. The surface of the monument is well-turfed, covered with pine forest. Area 900 m2. 3 depressions have been identified. The cultural affiliation of the monument and the time of its existence have not been determined. |
6. Complex of monuments near the village of Ozerki (Oshutyalskaya II site) | Opened in 1975. The site of the monument is crossed by an old dirt road. In 1974, a forest plantation was made on the site of the monument. Defined as an Eneolithic site (Volosovo culture). Excavations have been made. The monument is of interest for the study of the Neolithic, Eneolithic, Late Bronze Age and early Middle Ages on the left bank of the river. Volga. |
7. Parking Ozerki V | Opened in 1994. The site of the monument is well covered with turf, overgrown with mixed forest, the area is 2000 m 2 . Excavations have been made. |
8. Ozerki IV site (Oshutyalskaya VI) | Opened in 1994. The monument is attributed to the Kama culture of the Neolithic era. Excavations have been carried out. |
9. Burial ground near the village Polevaya | Opened in 1956. The burial ground is dated to the 17th – 18th centuries. and identified as Mari pagan. Excavations have been carried out. |
10. Prayer near the village of Yanash-Belyak "Aga payrem arch" | Opened in 1956 |
11. Prayer near the village of Pekoza | Some birch trees reach 1.5 m. All the birch trees of this grove have signs (ancestral tamgas), cut down with an ax at a height of 1 - 1.5 m. It is an ancient Mari pagan prayer site. |
12. Prayer near the village of Tashnur | Opened in 1956 |
13. Location I near the village of Pekoza | Discovered in 1956. No cultural layer or other finds were found. A local resident found an ax dated to the Bronze Age (Balanovo culture). |
14. Location II near the village of Pekoza | It was discovered in 1956. A local resident found an iron pink salmon scythe, a coulter and a copper stirrup. No other finds were found. According to the clothing complex, the location is dated to the first half of the 2nd millennium AD. e. |
15. Location I near the village of Toshnur | Discovered in 1956. Flint flakes found. No cultural layer has been identified. |
16. Location near the village of Yanash-Belyak | In 1956, granite and flint flakes of indefinite shape were found. No cultural layer has been identified. |
17. Parking at the village of Alekseevskoye | In 1956, fragments of stucco pottery with textile imprints and flint flakes were found. The parking area is 250 m 2 . |
18. Burial ground near the village. Alekseevskoe | It was discovered while digging a foundation pit in 1970. Human bones, jewelry made of silver and bronze, beads, iron tools were found. Grave pits with the remains of tombs were found in the walls of the pit. The graves were not opened. |
Description
The territory of the national park "Mariy Chodra" is located in the eastern part of the Russian Plain, on the southern spurs of the Mariysko-Vyatsky ridge, in the basin of the river. Ilet - the left tributary of the Volga River. There is an alternation of flat (Mari lowland) and elevated sections of the Mari-Vyatka ridge, complicated by uplands, cut up by ravines, sides, hollows, relief drops. The park is located in a natural zone of coniferous-deciduous forests with boreal and forest-steppe elements. Floristically, the national park "Mariy Chodra" is located at the junction of the European and West Siberian provinces of the Eurosiberian floristic region A. A. Fedorova (1979). The capital of the Republic of Mari El is located 70 km, Cheboksary - 80 km, Kazan - 80 km. The Yoshkar-Ola-Kazan railway and the Yoshkar-Ola-Zeleny Dol highway pass through the park from north to south.
The State Natural National Park "Mari Chodra" (meadow mar. Mari Chodyra, translated as "Mari Forest") is a national park in the southeastern part of the Republic of Mari El, not far from the border with Tatarstan.
It is located on the territory of the Volzhsky, Zvenigovsky, Morkinsky regions of the republic.
To Yoshkar-Ola - 60 km, to Volzhsk - 30 km. The A295 Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk - the M-7 Volga highway and the Zeleny Dol - Yaransk railway pass through the park.
The national park was established on September 13, 1985 by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR on the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Mari ASSR dated December 2, 1985 N 589 "On the establishment of the Mari Chodra natural national park."
The national park is located in the southern part of the Mariysko-Vyatka rampart. Here it breaks up into separate hills. The relief of the park is quite rugged, the soils are sandy. The network of rivers is well developed, there are many lakes.
Rivers:
The main river flowing through the territory of the Park is the Ilet. Almost all other rivers are represented by its tributaries: Yushut, Petyalka, Uba, Voncha, etc.
Lakes:
Mari Chodra is famous for its lakes.
Almost all of them are karst. All are popular summer holiday destinations for residents of Mari El, Tatarstan, Chuvashia and other, even more remote, regions of Russia.
Lakes: Yalchik, Deaf, Kichier, Mill, Teterkino, Mushan-Er, Konan-Er, Tot-Er, Shut-Er, Kuzh-Er, Yergezh-Er (Round), Kugu-Er and others.
Flora
In the vegetation cover - coniferous-deciduous forests. Oak forests with maple, linden, spruce are common in elevated areas, in the valleys - mixed forests of spruce, pine, linden, oak, maple, aspen, elm, as well as floodplain oak forests.
There are pine forests with aspen, birch, and spruce. Insignificant areas are occupied by low-lying grass swamps. About 50 plant species are rare for the flora of the Mari Republic.
Fauna
In the fauna, elk, squirrel, chipmunk, hare, weasel, ermine, polecat, pine marten are common, there is a beaver (reacclimatized), otter. There are also bears and wolves. Black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse nest among grouse birds, buzzard, goshawk, black kite fly from diurnal birds, golden eagle flies. The mallard, the teal-whistle nest on the lakes.
Scientific activity
In addition to the constant study of the park, which is carried out by staff members, with the assistance of MarSU, various expeditions are periodically held and environmental camps are organized (for example, "Pink Dandelion").
recreation
Many places of the Mari Chodra National Park attract lovers of relaxation. Research shows that in some places uncontrolled recreation is damaging nature, and access to these facilities should be limited.
An environmental fee is charged from vehicles at the entrances to the park.
Main vacation spots
Yalchik:
Yalchik is the most popular and most accessible in terms of transport (buses to the turn along the R 175 highway, railway stop Yalchevsky and fixed-route taxis directly to the bases) resting place.
There are 11 recreation facilities on the lake: the Rubin recreation center (from the MMZ plant), det. camp Zheleznodorozhnik (from the Kazan branch of the State Railways), sports. camp Polytechnic (from MarSTU), boarding house "Yalchik" det. camp them. Vali Kotika, camp site "Yalchik", SOL "Seagull" (from Pedagogical University), SOL "Olympian" (from MarSU), recreation center "Yalchik", etc.
Kichier:
The Kichier sanatorium is organized on the lake, as well as the Republican Rehabilitation Hospital with a children's sanatorium pulmonology department (RBVL with DSPO).
Maple Mountain:
In addition to the sanatorium of the same name, this place attracts tourists with its sights. These are the Green Key, Pugachev's Oak and others.
Mushan-Yer:
A good quality highway approaches the lakes, there are a large number of sites suitable for "wild" recreation.
Deaf:
Only "wild" recreation is also possible.
Protected area:
The northeastern part of Mariy Chodra is occupied by a specially protected protected area, to which entry and entry are prohibited. On it is the lake Shut-Er, partly - the river Uba. Also, forestry workers control visits to the Kuzh-Er and Ergezh-Er lakes, although they are outside the protected area.
At the junction of three zones - forest-steppe, mixed and coniferous forests - the Mari Chodra National Park is located. Its very name translates as "Mari forest".
Pearls of Mari Chodry
The main treasure of the complex are the most beautiful lakes, many of which are declared natural monuments: Sea Eye, Yalchik, Glukhoe, Shungaldan. Not only residents of Mari El come to admire them, but also guests from more remote regions.
Sea Eye, the most famous of all bodies of water, is so named because of the amazing turquoise hue of the water. From the high bank, you can see a huge bowl filled with clear cold water, to which a narrow path descends. Tall fir trees grow around, the scent of pine needles flows in the air.
The crescent-shaped Lake Deaf Lake is very popular with divers. Having reached a depth where the light of the sun almost does not penetrate, you can see the “growing” pines that have fallen there many centuries ago.
Yalchik captivates at first sight with its grandeur and beauty. Underwater sources are constantly expanding the area of the reservoir.
Shungaldan Lake is a little apart. It seems that the forest surrounding it seems to come out of the water. Shungaldan is located near Maple Mountain.
The lakes are of karst origin, which explains the bizarre forms.
Magic Land Maple Hills
Maple Mountain is the highest point of Mari Chodra Park. From its top, there is a beautiful view of the forests stretching around. A wonderful land, Maple Hills, is located in the center of the complex. The ecological route passing along the mountain amazes with the beauty of the surrounding landscape.
Pugachevsky oak
A little less than a thousand species of plants grow on the territory of the national complex, but its most famous inhabitant remains a huge oak. Proudly towering on the top of the mountain, the thick-set tall hero, according to legend, protected Emelyan Pugachev himself from the sun. To this day, the tree is a decoration of the park.
Trail Horseshoe
On the route you can see rare plants listed in the Red Book. Ferns that grow only in the park will be a real find for naturalists. The educational and educational trail Horseshoe will lead you through the most interesting corners of Mari Chodry.
Many birds and mammals live here all year round. Moose often visit here, a frequent guest is a lynx. There are also taiga species in Mariy Chodra, such as brown bear, ermine. However, the most numerous inhabitants are representatives of the order of rodents. Otters and muskrats live in the rivers. The park is home to over 150 species of birds. Among them are capercaillie, and hazel grouse, and birds of prey: tawny owl, snowy owl, osprey, buzzard, white-tailed eagle. Numerous families of waterfowl have become the old-timers of the complex.
Ilet River
Sung in songs, Mari tales and legends, the beautiful river proudly carries its clear cold waters. On the territory of the park, Ilet is the largest. Thanks to the underground springs that feed it, the largest of which is the Green Key, the river does not freeze even in severe frosts. The spring water is considered to be healing. The shores of Ileti either soar upwards with steep slopes, or descend down with wonderful beaches with clean sand. There are almost no settlements, but many paths and trails approach the river. A kayak trip will be an unforgettable experience for the guests of the park.
Pure water, aromas of blooming lilies of the valley, fresh air - all this allows you to forget about the city bustle and monotony. That is why the inhabitants of the republic call the Mariy Chodra complex the most favorite vacation spot.
The largest state on the planet - Russia, has about 50 active national parks on its territory. Most of them are located in the European territory of the country. One of the rich natural places of our state is the Mari Chodra National Park, the sights of which will be discussed in the article.
General information about the park
The Mari Chodra National Park is located on the territories of the Morkinsky, Zvenigovsky and Volzhsky districts in the Republic of Mari El, which is a subject of the Russian Federation. The area of the park is 366 square kilometers. It was created in 1985 in order to protect rare species of plants from extinction, of which there are more than 100 here. Photos of the Mari Chodra National Park can be seen in the article.
There are about 15 tourist routes in the park. The main attractions of the Mariy Chodra National Park are lakes, for example, Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichier, as well as the Ilet and Yushut rivers. One of the places frequently visited by tourists can be called Pugachev's Oak. Tourism in the park plays an important economic role for the republics of Mari El, Tatarstan and Chuvashia.
The state organization Federal State Budgetary Institution "Mariy Chodra National Park" controls and carries out tourism and security activities in the park. The property of this organization is a number of natural objects and complexes located in the Middle Volga region.
Perhaps this is one of the favorite places of tourists who come to relax on the territory of the national park "Mariy Chodra". On the shores of the lake there are several recreation centers that provide rental services for boats, bicycles and other equipment. According to tourists, there is a beautiful sandy beach with a magnificent view of the shores of the lake, and the recreation centers are quite well-groomed, there are shops. Tourists also speak positively about the food, which is varied and tasty.
Lake Yalchik is one of the largest natural reservoirs in the park. It consists of two small lakes connected by a bridge. In the summer, when the region is hot, this bridge often dries up, completely separating one lake from another. Perch, pike and other species of fish are found in the waters of Yalchik, so for lovers of fishing, a visit to one of the recreation centers on the shore of Yalchik will be a good choice.
Ilet River
This is one of the popular tourist places of the Mari Chodra National Park. The river has a length of more than 200 km, most of it is located in the park. The river itself is not wide (several tens of meters), the banks of the upper Ilet are steep, while the banks of the middle and lower reaches are gentle, sandy beaches are often found on them. Surrounded by mixed forests.
The Ilet River is famous for the fact that outdoor enthusiasts come to it in order to raft along it, mainly in kayaks and catamarans. The flow of the river is calm at a speed of 3-6 km/h, so it is well suited for beginner kayakers. There are several routes for rafting on the river, their length varies from 20 to 90 km.
Oak Pugachev
Perhaps, rest in the park "Mariy Chodra" cannot be imagined without excursions to Maple Mountain, where it grows. The peculiarity of the oak is its size and age, for example, the diameter and height of the tree are 1.59 m and 26 m, respectively, and the age, according to modern estimates, is over 400 years. A stone was placed near this giant, on which there is an inscription testifying to the events that took place in the second half of the 18th century on Maple Hill.
According to one of the legends, Emelyan Pugachev himself climbed this oak before making a trip to Kazan. According to another legend, the leader of the uprising climbed a tree after the defeat near Kazan to watch it burn in flames. In any case, it is reliably known that Pugachev's detachments were in the summer of 1774 in the forests near Maple Mountain.
As for Pugachev's Oak himself, he could have witnessed the uprising, but Pugachev could not climb it, because at that time the tree was still too small. It is believed that Emelyan Pugachev, if he climbed a tree, it was another oak, which was even larger than the existing one. It dried up a long time ago and was cut down in the 40s of the XX century.
Currently, excursions to the Pugachev's Oak are carried out both in summer by bicycles and cars, and in winter - on skis.
